CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0Literature Review6 2.1 Review of Variable Power Supply6 2.2 Review of General Application of Power Supply Application 6 2.3 Review of Other Types of Power Supply 8

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CONSTRUCTION OF A 0-30V VARIABLE REGULATED POWER SUPPLY By SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC OFFA, KWARA STATE. DECLARATION The department of electrical/electronic Engineering affirms that this project was done by us and has not been submitted anywhere else for award of National Diploma. All relevant sources have been acknowledged. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project has been read and approved as meeting the requirement in partial fulfillment of the award of National Diploma (ND) in Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State under the supervision of Mr. Olumbe Salau O.T. --------------------------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------- External Examiner Date DEDICATION We dedicate this report to God Almighty our creator, our strong pillar, our source of inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding. He has been the source of our strength throughout this program and on his wings only have we soared. We also dedicate this work to our parents who has encourage us all the way and whose encouragement has made sure that we give it all it takes to finish that which we have started. Your love for us all can never be quantified. God bless you all. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, we excitedly give enormous thanks to Almighty God for all the unforgettable benediction, blessing, knowledge, and mercy bestowed on us during our project. He spares our life in health and gives us the privilege to execute this project activity with a successful end. That is why He deserved all the glory. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Pagei Approval Pageii Dedicationiii Acknowledgementiv Table of Contentv AbstractvI CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1 Background of the Project1 Problem Statement2 Aim and Objective of the Project3 Limitation of the Project3 Significance of the Project 3 Application of the Project3 Project Organization3 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0Literature Review6 2.1 Review of Variable Power Supply6 2.2 Review of General Application of Power Supply Application 6 2.3 Review of Other Types of Power Supply 8 CHAPTER THREE 3.0Construction Methodology14 3.1Block Diagram of the System14 3.2Circuit Diagram15 3.3Parts List 15 3.4Calculate the LM317 Output Voltage16 3.5The Working of circuit 16 3.6 Circuit Design 18 3.7 System Construction 19 3.8 Description of Components Used20 39. Overload Protection 37 CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 Result Analysis38 4.1 Construction Procedure and Testing Analysis 38 4.2 Casing and Packaging 38 4.3Assembling of Sections39 4.4 Testing of System Operation 39 4.5 Installation of the Completed Design39 4.6Cost Analysis 40 4.7 Observations 40 CHAPTER FIVE Conclusions41 Recommendation41 References ABSTRACT This project work is on design of a variable regulated power supply. This work describes you how to design a variable regulated power supply circuit. The main advantage of this power supply circuit is that it can vary the output voltage and output current. A variable regulated power supply supplies different level of electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a variable power supply is to supply variable output voltage and output current which can be used to power devices. CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads [1]. Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from various types of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission systems, energy storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells, electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, or another power supply (Torres, 2008). All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy source, and a power output that delivers energy to the load. In most power supplies the power input and output consist of electrical connectors or hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input or output. Some power supplies have other types of inputs and outputs as well, for functions such as external monitoring and control (Torres, 2008). To obtain a complete circuit for this work, the circuit is mainly composed of the: Input transformer:   The input transformer is used to transform the incoming line voltage down to the required level for the power supply. Typically the input transformer provides a step down function. It also isolates the output circuit from the line supply. Rectifier:   The power supply rectifier converts the incoming signal from an AC format into raw DC. Either half wave or more commonly full wave rectifiers may be used as they make use of both halves of the incoming AC signal. Smoothing:   The raw DC from the rectifier is far from constant falling to zero when the AC waveform crossed the zero axis, and then rising to its peak. The addition of a reservoir capacitor here fills in the troughs in the waveform, enabling the next stage of the power supply to operate. Large value capacitors are normally used within this stage. Voltage adjuster:   This stage of the power supply takes the smoothed voltage and uses a variable ic and potentiometer to provide a variable regulated output virtually regardless of the output current and any minor fluctuations in the input level. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT For prototyping and hobbyists, appliances or gadget with smaller voltages, they normally use batteries as a reliable power source. Instead of using batteries, which have a limited lifetime and which is also cost effective, a variable DC power supply can be used which is implemented in this project (Martin Kaffei, 2011). 1.3 AIM OF THE PROJECT The aim of any power supply is to provide the required power to the load using an AC supply at the input. But for variable regulated power supply of 0 – 30v is to design a power supply with one output terminal with variable output voltage, and the output is gotten by turning the voltage adjuster known as the potentiometer (Martin Kaffei, 2011). 1.4 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT This device is limited at producing from 0 – 30v output using a 30volts center tap transformer. 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT This work makes it possible for someone to use one power supply to run different devices of higher or lower voltage rating without considering buying a new or different power supply. 1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT A variable regulated power supply is a regulator that electricians and electrical project hobbyists use to test the capacity of voltage for any project they may have completed. The power supply is used as a gauge to make sure the piece of work the person has completed is able to withstand certain amounts of voltage and current load. Tests are generally conducted by applying different amounts of voltage to the piece of completed work a little at a time to ensure the stability of the circuit the individual has created. These types of power supplies also are used by hobbyists to power small electronics requiring variable voltage and by tattoo artists to power tattooing guns (Torres, 2008). By using such a variable

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