CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Historical Background The word 'Bungalow' was derived from British Colonial experience in India. After 1900, architects, builders, and developers adopted the term to described modern houses built throughout the United States. When the housing market boomed in the twenties, developers throughout the metropolitan region marketed low-priced bungalows to an expanding range of middle class families. These structures all had modern plumbing, electricity, and central heating. 2.2 Space Arrangement The building is well arranged to suit modern taste and gives convenience. There is adequate circulation space in the building, the room size is up to standard and each room has its own toilet and shower. All the spaces in the building are well arranged to meet standard arrangement settings. 2.3 Bills of Quantities A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials, parts and labour (and their costs) are itemized. It also details the items and conditions of the construction or repair contract. 2.4 Types of Bills of Quantities Trade Bill (Traditional): Divided into trades or work sections as set out in the SMM7. Elemental Bill: Divided into a number of different elements as set out by the HCS's Building Cost Information Service Standard form of cost analysis. Sectionalized Bill: A trade Bill sub-divided into elements; combines both the trade and elemental bills. Annotated Bill: Can be in any of the above formats but includes specifications and/or locations. Operational Bill: Divides all the work into different site operations rather than work sections. Activities Bill: Like the operational Bill type but divides all activities into an agreed Network Analysis. 2.5 Purpose of Bills of Quantities A Bill of Quantities should make it easier for a contractor to price a particular project since all the materials and work to be carried out is listed. Each contractor should be working from the same information therefore a fairer system is employed when pricing competitively.

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DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DESIGN AND PREPARATION OF PRICE BILLS OF QUANTITY FOR THE PROPOSED THREE BEDROOM BUNGALOW AT OMU ARAN, KWARA STATE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN QUANTITY SURVEYING CERTIFICATION DEDICATION This project is dedicated to Almighty God, the square of my life inspiration and the anointing who made it possible for me to complete my program through the help of my parents, brother and sister — not by their might nor by their power but by the grace of God. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my profound gratitude to Almighty God that has been my personal helper throughout my National Diploma (ND) programme. My appreciation goes to my family for their support and help throughout the programme. I must also show my gratitude to my lovely father …..for his moral words and financial support during the compilation of my project. This program would not be completed without acknowledging the roles played by my supervisor in person of Dr Arowosegbe A.A and my amiable colleagues in my department. ABSTRACT This project work aims to design, present and prepare estimates for the proposed three bedroom bungalow at Omu Aran, Kwara State. The project work entails all the processes involved in the preparation of bills of quantities as discussed in different chapters: the Architectural design, Taking-off quantities, Abstracting, Squaring of quantities, preparation of bill of quantity, and pricing the bill of quantities. Further results of the study will increase the practice of preparing accurate estimates that the client budget is enough to finance the project in Nigeria. The study recommends that the client should always have a detailed design and prepare an estimate that the project will cost before embarking on a construction project. CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction The work carried out includes the design of detailed drawings and preparation of a priced Bill of Quantities for the proposed three bedroom bungalow at Omu Aran, Kwara State. Building is one of the most essential needs of man; it is a place where man can live for his day to day activities. The building for the proposed three Bedroom Bungalow at Omu Aran includes the following: Living Room, Four Bedrooms, Ante Room, Dining, Kitchen, Store, Toilet, Lobby, Sit Out and Entrance. All these works should be carried out according to the Building Standard Method of Measurement (BESMM 3). 1.1 Statement of the Problem It is a certain fact that all academic programs are to allow students to be equipped with certain skills and competences. Since after completion of the quantity surveying program, one of the main functions of a Quantity Surveyor will be preparation of estimates for proposed construction projects. I was prompted based on this to carry out as a project for my National Diploma (ND): a design and preparation of priced Bill of Quantities for the proposed Three Bedroom Bungalow. 1.2 Aims and Objectives The main aim of this project is the production of a perfect drawing and priced Bill of Quantities for the proposed three bedroom bungalow, with the following specific objectives: To enable the students to know and fully understand Taking-off process, Squaring, Abstracting and Billing process. To produce a detailed drawing for a proposed three bedroom bungalow. To prepare the priced Bill of Quantities for a proposed three bedroom bungalow. 1.3 Scope of the Project The scope of this project covers the preparation of detailed project drawing, taking-off quantities, abstracting and preparation of bill of quantities for a proposed three bedroom bungalow. 1.4 Significance of the Project The study is expected to be useful for the design and take-off towards the effective design, squaring, working-up, abstracting and preparation of priced Bill of Quantities for a proposed three bedroom bungalow. The bill will also serve as reference material for research into other related topics in Quantity Surveying. 1.5 Limitation of the Project In the course of carrying out this project work, certain difficulties and constraints were encountered. The major challenge that affected the project was adequate funding and financing. This limited the project work to only the design and preparation of bill of quantities rather than actual construction. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Historical Background The word 'Bungalow' was derived from British Colonial experience in India. After 1900, architects, builders, and developers adopted the term to described modern houses built throughout the United States. When the housing market boomed in the twenties, developers throughout the metropolitan region marketed low-priced bungalows to an expanding range of middle class families. These structures all had modern plumbing, electricity, and central heating. 2.2 Space Arrangement The building is well arranged to suit modern taste and gives convenience. There is adequate circulation space in the building, the room size is up to standard and each room has its own toilet and shower. All the spaces in the building are well arranged to meet standard arrangement settings. 2.3 Bills of Quantities A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials, parts and labour (and their costs) are itemized. It also details the items and conditions of the construction or repair contract. 2.4 Types of Bills of Quantities Trade Bill (Traditional): Divided into trades or work sections as set out in the SMM7. Elemental Bill: Divided into a number of different elements as set out by the HCS's Building Cost Information Service Standard form of cost analysis. Sectionalized Bill: A trade Bill sub-divided into elements; combines both the trade and elemental bills. Annotated Bill: Can be in any of the above formats but includes specifications and/or locations. Operational Bill: Divides all the work into different site operations rather than work sections. Activities Bill: Like the operational Bill type but divides all activities into an agreed Network Analysis. 2.5 Purpose of Bills of Quantities A Bill of Quantities should make it easier for a contractor to price a particular project since all the materials and work to be carried out is listed. Each contractor should be working from the same information therefore a fairer system is employed when pricing competitively. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3.1 Procedures Involved in Bill Preparation Taking-off Squaring Abstracting Billing 3.2 Taking-Off Taking-off is the process of reading scales and dimensions from drawing and then transferring them in a logical manner into a specially ruled paper called 'Dimensions Paper' or 'Taking-off Sheet'. General rules in taking-off process embrace some general principles that need to be adhered to as detailed in the general rules in section A of the 7th edition of Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works. The dimension paper is divided into columns: Column A (Timesing Column): Where multiply figures scaled or read directly from drawings are entered. Column B (Dimension Column): Where the actual dimensions scaled or read from the drawing are entered. Column C (Squaring Column): Where lengths, areas or volumes are entered by multiplying figures in Columns A and B. Column D (Description Column): Where the description of each item is entered. 3.3 Abstracting Abstracting is the process of transferring the squared dimensions with detailed descriptions of such work into an abstract sheet in readiness for billing. As each item is transferred, the description of the appropriate dimension sheet is marked with a short horizontal line at each end, so that there should be no doubt as to what has been transferred. 3.4 Squaring The term 'Squaring Dimension' refers to the calculation of the numbers, lengths, areas and volumes and their entry in the third or

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