CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Concept During recent years tourism has become one of the world's largest and most powerful industries. With the expansion in tourism, the application of information technology in that area has also developed rapidly. Traditional management tools usually artificially manage text, icons and pictures, and make decision through these. But, in today's fast-developing environment, traditional management cannot meet the demand of updating speed. Tourism information management systems can be developed to meet these growing needs. A tourist information management system is a product which is required when tourism develops to a certain stage. Over the years, tourism has continued to gain massive interest at a global scale. It is a major foreign exchange earner for a good number of advanced and emerging economies. In Nigeria, there are about 142 tourist destinations that spread across the states of the federal republic. Web-based tourism information management systems can well meet the demand, in which a database is used to store large amount of tourism information, and web pages are used to present the information. 2.2 Review of Related Works Tourism has become one of the world's largest industries, creating an annual value of $3,000,000,000,000 in the world. International airlines, travel companies and hotel industry companies have experienced several major information technology transformations. The Application of Intelligent Tourism Mobile Client Based on Ontology This paper proposed the application of ontology theory in the research of intelligent tourism mobile application client. The adopted method (ontology) helps to structure the kind of information given to tourists thus eliminating room for information ambiguity. Its weakness is based on the fact that it is mobile-based and hence accessibility is limited to mobile device users. Destination Information Management System for Tourists The system was designed for tourists taking Nigeria's tourism into consideration. This was to provide tourists with intelligent interaction based on virtual community concept. The system was designed using HTML, PHP, JavaScript and MySQL. The advantages include being user-friendly, interactive, and supporting security.

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB-BASED TOURISM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR NIGER STATE A PROJECT REPORT Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of National Diploma (ND) CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Tourism is a short-term movement of people to places some distance away from their normal place of residence to indulge in pleasurable activities (Swarbrook and Horner, 2007). According to the third edition of the Oxford English dictionary, tourism is defined as the commercial organization and operation of holidays and visits to places of interest. Tourism is the vehicle through which the culture, nature and history of a given society or location is appreciated by people of diverse nations. Tourism is traveling for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel (Wikipedia, 2021). Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. When a person leaves his home town for another location in the same country, he is termed a Domestic tourist. But if he crosses the frontiers of his country, he then becomes an International tourist. The people who visit Minna in December to attend the Akpazuma festival are domestic tourists while those who come from other countries to visit the Gurara water falls, are International tourists. However, tourism is fast becoming one of the most functional industries in the world. It makes great impact in Nations by helping to create employment opportunities, by developing infrastructures, and a very rich source of income and revenue. Some may wonder why there is a need for a computerized tourism information system. This is because: The world has become a global street. Day by day people engage in more activities on the internet, it is only fair to use the internet facility to make tourism activities more accessible and informative. If properly designed and implemented, an online tourism system would be more organized, and efficient than a manual filing system. It can also be used to complement the manual system; it can serve as a backup for all information in the files, thereby keeping them safer in the cloud. 1.2 Statement of the Problem This project is embarked on to solve the following problems: Delay in handling enquiries and making bookings, poor customer service and feedback. Unauthorized access to vital documents and files of the corporation, and displacements of records. Certain tourist locations and accommodations may be unavailable at certain times and the existing system may fail to communicate these to a customer as a result of unorganized information which may put customers in cases of unplanned expenses or an uncomfortable tour. The major problems experienced is the poor information flow, delay in handling enquiries, making bookings, and poor customer service and feedback. These problems make it difficult for customers to book their tour because the current system is inefficient. 1.3 Aim and Objectives The aim of this study is to develop an interactive website that helps potential visitors get enough information about the various destinations in Niger state that may ease their tour. It has the following objectives: To explore the problems encountered in the management of the existing manual tourism system. To design a web-based system that will make information more detailed, effective, and accurate, and ease the delay hitherto encountered with the existing manual system. To implement a web-based tourism system that will help people appreciate the state's natural endowment and also serve as a complementary tool for tourism management. 1.4 Significance of the Study This study would to a large extent, provide very useful output for a more effective operation of the tourism destinations in Niger state as a whole. It will also complement the efforts of the managers of these tourist centers by helping them make more accurate judgments and providing detailed information accurately to the public. This research provides an awareness of the problem and prospects of tourism in Niger state to the general public. The government also benefits as the study appraises various governmental guidelines and offers some suggestions for more efficient operations of these resorts. 1.5 Scope of the Study The scope of this research, design and development dwells only on Minna metropolis and a few prominent tourist destinations surrounding it. This is because tourism is a broad topic and due to research time restriction, lack of needed research materials and resources, the scope of the study is limited. 1.6 Limitation of the Study In the cause of accomplishing these tasks, obstacles were encountered. Due to the wide scope and discovery of new tourist destinations in the state, it makes it intricate to have the background knowledge of these destinations. As a result, limited source of information was gathered. Hence this study focuses only on eight (8) tourist destinations for this project. 1.7 Definition of Terms Tourism: The business of providing places for people to visit and activities for them to do. Tourist: A person who travels or visits different places for pleasure or other reasons. Domestic tourist: A person who leaves his home for another town in the same country. International tourist: A person who leaves his country to visit another country. Database: A set of data or information stored in a computer system that is accessible in many ways. Booking system: The process of making arrangement so that a space in a hotel, or a particular period for touring, is reserved for you. Web-based information system: An information system that uses Internet web technologies to deliver information and services to users. Check IN: The process of reporting one's arrival at a place. Check OUT: The process depicting one's departure from a place. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Concept During recent years tourism has become one of the world's largest and most powerful industries. With the expansion in tourism, the application of information technology in that area has also developed rapidly. Traditional management tools usually artificially manage text, icons and pictures, and make decision through these. But, in today's fast-developing environment, traditional management cannot meet the demand of updating speed. Tourism information management systems can be developed to meet these growing needs. A tourist information management system is a product which is required when tourism develops to a certain stage. Over the years, tourism has continued to gain massive interest at a global scale. It is a major foreign exchange earner for a good number of advanced and emerging economies. In Nigeria, there are about 142 tourist destinations that spread across the states of the federal republic. Web-based tourism information management systems can well meet the demand, in which a database is used to store large amount of tourism information, and web pages are used to present the information. 2.2 Review of Related Works Tourism has become one of the world's largest industries, creating an annual value of $3,000,000,000,000 in the world. International airlines, travel companies and hotel industry companies have experienced several major information technology transformations. The Application of Intelligent Tourism Mobile Client Based on Ontology This paper proposed the application of ontology theory in the research of intelligent tourism mobile application client. The adopted method (ontology) helps to structure the kind of information given to tourists thus eliminating room for information ambiguity. Its weakness is based on the fact that it is mobile-based and hence accessibility is limited to mobile device users. Destination

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